IMPROVED ETHANOL YIELD AND REDUCED MINIMUM ETHANOL SELLING PRICE (MESP) BY MODIFYING LOW SEVERITY DILUTE ACID PRETREATMENT WITH DEACETYLATION AND MECHANICAL REFINING: 1) EXPERIMENTAL

Improved ethanol yield and reduced Minimum Ethanol Selling Price (MESP) by modifying low severity dilute acid pretreatment with deacetylation and mechanical refining: 1) Experimental

Abstract Background Historically, acid pretreatment technology for the production of bio-ethanol from corn stover has required severe conditions to overcome biomass recalcitrance.However, the high usage of acid and steam at severe pretreatment conditions hinders the economic feasibility of the ethanol production from biomass.In addition, the amount

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Improved Functionality of Exhausted Intrahepatic CXCR5+ CD8+ T Cells Contributes to Chronic Antigen Clearance Upon Immunomodulation

Chronic hepatotropic viral infections are characterized by exhausted CD8+ T cells in the presence of cognate antigen in the liver.The impairment of T cell response limits the control of chronic hepatotropic viruses.Immune-modulatory strategies are attractive options to re-invigorate exhausted T cells.However, in hepatotropic viral infections, the k

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